transpired in chapters 1–2. The friends present orthodox views on retribution, emphasizing the connection of suffering with (Job’s) putative sinfulness. If Job would only repent and appeal to God, he would be restored. But Job is blameless (as the Lord has stated in chaps. 1–2), and his very integrity demands that he reject such theology. The terrible treatment he has received leads him to question his relationship to God. Why is God treating him this way? He is moved to attack God with wild words